Personal Construct Theory (PCT)

Understanding Children’s Thinking: Personal Construct Theory in Education

Children make sense of the world through personal frameworks shaped by their experiences, relationships and emotions. Personal Construct Theory, developed by psychologist George Kelly, helps us understand these frameworks, known as constructs, and how they influence the way children see themselves, others and their surroundings.

In school, these constructs shape how children learn, behave and connect with others. By exploring them, educators can gain a clearer picture of a child’s perspective and adapt support in ways that meet their individual needs.

Practical Ways to Explore Children’s Thinking

Drawing the Ideal Self

Heather Moran’s Drawing the Ideal Self is a creative activity that helps children explore how they see themselves and who they would like to be. They draw themselves as they are now and then as their “ideal” version. This simple task often reveals a lot about self-esteem, identity and emotional needs. It can be particularly valuable when supporting children through change or challenge, as it opens up gentle conversations about confidence and aspirations.

School Well-being Cards

Jerricah Holder’s School Well-being Cards use friendly language and illustrations to help children talk about how they feel in different areas of school life such as friendships, learning and feeling safe. They are especially helpful for children who find it hard to express emotions verbally. Used in one-to-one sessions or small groups, the cards can highlight where a child might need extra support or encouragement.

Repertory Grid Technique

This method, based on Personal Construct Theory, involves asking children to compare people or experiences to reveal how they think. For example, a child might be asked to consider three classmates and describe how two are similar and one is different. Their answers can show how they understand relationships, trust or authority. It is a structured but flexible way to explore patterns in thinking.

Creative Storytelling and Drawing

Open activities such as “Draw your perfect classroom” or “Tell a story about someone brave” give children space to express their thoughts and feelings creatively. These are particularly useful for younger children or those with additional needs, providing insight into how they view fairness, safety and belonging.

Concept Mapping and Role Play

Concept maps help children organise ideas visually, while role play allows them to explore different perspectives and social situations. Both approaches can uncover hidden assumptions and encourage flexible thinking and emotional growth.

Why This Matters

Understanding how children think is not only about improving academic outcomes. It also supports their emotional and social development. When educators take time to explore a child’s personal constructs, they can respond with empathy, adapt their teaching and build stronger relationships.

Activities such as Moran’s drawing task and Holder’s well-being cards make this process accessible and child friendly. They encourage us to look beyond behaviour and focus on understanding the child’s experience, helping us offer support that truly makes a difference.

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