Friend or Foe?
In an era where technology shapes nearly every aspect of life, most of us regularly turn to artificial intelligence (AI) to support and make our lives easier or to entertain us. In my work as a learning mentor with young people, I have become increasingly aware in recent years of the over-reliance in the use of AI. A concern is that young people are turning to AI not just for information but for companionship. AI apps have seen exponential growth, with millions of young users treating their AI chatbots, virtual assistants, and digital companions as friends, romantic partners, or even therapists. But as these relationships deepen, so do the concerns. While these tools offer undeniable benefits, they also raise important questions around emotional well-being, privacy, and the future of human connection.
Why are young people turning to AI?
For many young people AI companions fill a void. Loneliness, social anxiety, and the pressures of modern life are pushing teens to seek connection in digital spaces. AI companions offer constant availability, non-judgemental listening, personalised interactions and a sense of control.
What are the benefits of using AI companions?
When used thoughtfully, AI companions can be a force for good, especially for marginalised youth such as LGBTQ+, those with disabilities or vulnerable young people. It can offer emotional and mental health support. AI chatbots designed for mental health, can help to provide coping strategies to teens to help manage their anxiety, stress, and depression. It provides a safe space to vent and encouragement to seek professional help, especially for teens who feel uncomfortable talking to parents, teachers, or friends about their struggles. AI can be a low-pressure first step.
AI companions can act as practice partners for challenging conversations, for shy or neurodivergent teens e.g., those with autism or social anxiety. They can build confidence in expressing themselves, learning social cues through guided interactions and experimenting with different communication styles.
Young people can use AI tools to inspire creativity and learning. They can explore ideas, get instant feedback on schoolwork and discover new hobbies. Some apps allow users to role-play historical figures, fictional characters, or even themselves in different scenarios, fostering creativity and critical thinking.
The risks using AI as a “friend”
While AI companionship has its benefits, it’s not without risks. Experts warn that over-reliance on AI friends could have serious consequences for young people’s development.
The biggest concern is replacing human connection with AI., creating emotional dependence and isolation. These superficial relationships lack the depth and emotional complexity of real friendships. Children and young people might prioritise AI companions over family, friends, or extracurricular activities, making it difficult to form real bonds if young people grow accustomed to AI’s “perfect” responses.
Another risk is that many AI companion apps collect vast amounts of personal data, including conversation logs; which may include sensitive topics like mental health struggles, location data and behavioural patterns through algorithms. This could lead to third party sharing, data breaches or even hackers could exploit sensitive information. AI companions aren’t infallible. They can give misinformation and harmful advice, e.g., encouraging self-harm, risky behaviours, or unhealthy coping mechanisms. They can potentially spread misinformation, conspiracy theories or normalise harmful behaviours, such as toxic relationships. Some AI companion apps purposefully use addictive tactics to keep users engaged, exploit or manipulate them through gamification, emotional manipulation, or through romantic/sexual interactions, which can be especially harmful for vulnerable young people.
In summary
As AI continues to evolve, so must our understanding of its impact on young minds. The goal isn’t to fear AI companionship but to shape it into a force for good. AI companions are here to stay, and their role in young people’s lives will only grow. AI companions aren’t inherently good or bad, they are just tools, and like any tool, it is how we use them that matters. The key is responsible design, education, and awareness. We need to encourage open conversations about digital use, set boundaries on usage and encourage balance. We need to be mindful of privacy when it comes to information sharing and watch out for red flags in a young person’s behaviour and their over-reliance on AI.
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